Aboveboard
I think everything ought to be aboveboard.
我觉得什么事情都应当开诚布公。
To wear down or rub away by friction; erode
v 磨蚀，磨损（因摩擦而破损或擦伤，侵蚀）
【根】ab去掉，rade擦－摩擦掉－磨损
【参】abrasive （adj 有研磨作用的，粗糙的；粗暴的）
【类】abraded:friction＝vaporized:heat＝desiccated:dehydration被磨损因为摩擦＝被蒸发因为热＝被弄干因为脱水
【反】augment（v 增大）”
Abrogate
If someone in a position of authority abrogates something such as a law, agreement, or practice, they put an end to it.
To abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority.
v （官方的正式）撤消，废除＝abate＝annihilate＝annul＝nullify＝quash＝vitiate
【例】This custom was abrogated 3 years ago 这一惯例三年前就已废除。
【根】ab无，非，rog要求，问－不再要求－废除
【区】abnegate（v 放弃）
【参】interrogative（adj 疑问的）；arrogant（adj 傲慢的）
【反】embrace（v 拥护）；institute（v 创立）；uphold（v 支持）”
Abreast
next to sb/sth and facing the same way.
Idioms: keep abreast of sth to make sure that you know all the most recent facts about a subject: It is almost impossible to keep abreast of all the latest developments in computing.
Side by side: ships docked two abreast.
Up to date: keeping abreast of the latest developments.
adv 并肩地，并排地
【例】to march abreast 并肩前进You should keep abreast with the science 你们应当赶上科学的发展.
【记】a一对，breast乳房-并排地”
It would be beneficial to keep abreast of developments in Asia. 跟上亚洲形势的发展会有帮助。
Abridge
to make a book, play, etc. shorter by leaving parts out
To reduce the length of (a written text); condense.
To cut short; curtail
v 缩写（减少一书面文章的长度；浓缩）＝curtail＝abbreviate＝retrench＝slash；减短
【例】It was abridged from to original work 这是由原本删节的。Abridge sb ‘s rights 剥夺某人的权利
【记】a一座，bridge短，桥－一座桥把路缩短了－缩短
【类】abridge:length＝attenuate:thickness缩短长度＝使…变薄减少厚度abridge:word＝abbreviate:letter 缩写词语＝简化文字
【反】amplify（v 放大）；protract（v 延长）；extend in length（伸长）；condensed（adj 浓缩的）－unabridged（adj 未删减的）”
同义词: abbreviate compress condense contract curtail
cut reduce
反义词: expand extend
Abridgement
n 删节＝reduction；删节本＝synopsis
【类】abbreviation:sentence＝abridgement:essay缩写缩短句子＝删节缩写文章”
The town council voted for an abridgement of the mayor’s power.
市议会投票赞成限制市长的权力。
Abrogate
to officially end a law, an agreement, etc: The rule has been abrogated by mutual consent.
To abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority.
v （官方的正式）撤消，废除＝abate＝annihilate＝annul＝nullify＝quash＝vitiate
【例】This custom was abrogated 3 years ago 这一惯例三年前就已废除。
【根】ab无，非，rog要求，问－不再要求－废除
【区】abnegate（v 放弃）
【参】interrogative（adj 疑问的）；arrogant（adj 傲慢的）
【反】embrace（v 拥护）；institute（v 创立）；uphold（v 支持）”
abolish, annihilate, annul, cancel, invalidate, negate, nullify, set aside, vitiate, void. Law : extinguish.
To appoint and recall plenipotentiary and to rectify and abrogate treaties and important agreement concluded with foreign states.
根据全国人大常委会的决定，派遣和召回驻外全权代表，批准和废除同外国缔结的条约和重要协定。
Abruptly
adv 突然地，意外地＝suddenly＋unexpectedly
【例】an abrupt change in the weather 天气的突然变化an abrupt turn 急转弯
【记】rupt折断－突然断了”
short, suddenly.
Idioms: all of a sudden.
Abscission
The act of cutting off
n 脱离（叶子、花朵或果实的自然脱落）；切除（截去的行为）
【根】ab离开，sciss切，割－切除，脱离
【参】scissors（n 剪刀）
【反】process of grafting（嫁接）”
Abscond
to escape from a place that you are not allowed to leave without permission
vi 潜逃，避债（为了躲避逮捕或迫害，秘密而迅速地离开并且隐藏自己）＝bunk＝decamp
【例】abscond with the money 携款潜逃
【根】ab远离，cond隐藏－离开并且隐藏－潜逃
【参】condiment（把坏味道藏起来－n 调味品）；recondite（adj 深奥的）
【类】abscond:depart＝pilfer :take＝lurk:wait潜逃是偷偷走＝偷是偷偷拿＝潜伏是偷偷等purloin:appropriate＝secrete:store偷是偷偷占用＝隐藏是偷偷藏follow:shadow＝leave:abscond偷偷跟随是尾随＝偷偷离开是潜逃
break out, decamp, escape, flee, fly, get away, run away. Informal : skip (out). Slang : lam. Regional : absquatulate.
Idioms: blow (or fly) the coop, cut and run, give someone the slip, make a getaway, take flight, take it on the lam.
I never abscond from my responsibilities
我决不会逃避我的责任。
Absolve
to state formally that sb is not guilty or responsible for sth: The court absolved him of all responsibility for the accident.
absolve sb from/of sth
He cannot be absolved of all responsibility for the accident.
v 赦免，免除（宣布无罪或不应受谴责）；解除责任、义务＝exculpate＝acquit＝exonerate＝vindicate
【例】to absolve him from blame 赦免他They agree to absolve you from your obligation 他们同意免除你的责任。
【记】ab远离，solve解决－远离解决－免除
【区】absolution（n 赦免，免罪）；dissolution（n 溶解，分解）solvent（adj 有溶解力的，有还债能力的）；resolution（n 坚决）；solve（vt 解决）
【类】exculpatory:absolve＝hortative:encourage用辩明无罪的东西赦免＝用激励的东西鼓励hortative:encourage＝motivational:stir用劝告性的东西鼓励＝用鼓励斗志的东西激发斗志
【反】inculpate（vt 控告）；indict（vt 起诉；控告）”
To free from a charge or imputation of guilt:
clear, exculpate, exonerate, vindicate. Law : acquit, purge.
To free from an obligation or duty:
discharge, dispense, excuse, exempt, let off, relieve, spare.
同义词: acquit cleanse discharge excuse forgive pardon
反义词: accuse blame
I absolve you, on the ground of invincible ignorance.
鉴于你不可救药的无知，我原谅你。
Abstain
to choose not to use a vote, either in favour of or against sth: Ten people voted in favour, five against and two abstained.
o decide not to do sth, especially sth you like or enjoy, because it is bad for your health or considered morally wrong: to abstain from alcohol / sex / drugs
abstain from traditional political rhetoric
v 自动戒绝，抑制（因个人的意志选择而避开某物）＝curb＝refrain
【例】abstain from (wine, smoking) 戒 He abstained from voting 他弃权了。
【根】abs远离，tain抓住－不抓住－放弃ab远离，stain（n 污点v 沾污）－自动戒除黄毒，以免被玷污
【参】abstention和abstinence（n 戒绝，节制）retain（v 保留）；attain（v 获得）
【类】mandatory:comply＝forbidden:abstain命令的让人遵守＝禁止的让人戒绝”
VERB: To hold oneself back:
forbear, hold off, keep, refrain, withhold.
同义词: do without refrain withhold
反义词: indulge
Abstemious
adj 饮食适度的，有节制的＝abstentious＝abstinent＝continent＝sober＝temperate；节省的，节俭的
【例】an abstemious person 一个饮食有度的人abstemious meals 节俭的晚餐
【记】ab离开，tem（拉丁文temetum＝mead蜜酒）－不喝酒－节制的ab离开，stem（植物的茎），ious多：离开植物很多的－不吃饭了－饮食适度的。
【类】abstemious:indulge＝austere:decorate节制的不纵容＝朴素的不装饰reticent:talk＝abstemious:gorge沉默寡言的不讲话＝节制的不暴食
【反】indulgent（adj 纵容的）”
continent, sober, temperate.
be abstemious in drinking
节制饮酒
Abstinence
the practice of not allowing yourself sth, especially food, alcoholic drinks or sex, for moral, religious or health reasons: total abstinence from strong drink
n 节食（避免放纵欲望的行为或习惯，如食欲）；戒酒
【根】abstain的名词。abs远离，tain抓住－不抓住－放弃”
NOUN: The practice of refraining from use of alcoholic liquors:
dryness, soberness, sobriety, teetotalism, temperance.
abstinence from pleasure戒绝享乐
Abstracted
thinking deeply about sth and not paying attention to what is around you: He was listening to music and had an abstracted expression.
ADJECTIVE: So lost in thought as to be unaware of one’s surroundings:
absent, absent-minded, bemused, distrait, faraway, inattentive, preoccupied.
同义词: absent absentminded removed scatty
He was moody and abstracted. 他心情阴郁，神气痴呆。
Abstruse
difficult to understand
adj 深奥难懂的＝recondite＝esoteric
【例】His statement is a bit too abstruse 他的话很难理解。
【根】abs离开，trus走，推，突出－走不进去只好离开－因为难懂
【参】intrusion（n 闯入）；protrusion（n 突出，隆起）
【记】abs＝ab离开，truse发音酷似truth真理。何谓离开真理？就叫她假理、歪理吧！既然是假理、歪理定然不太正常，叫人难以理解，所以深奥的，难深奥的没有理解＝看不见的没有视觉
【反】accessible（adj 可理解的）；patent（adj 显著的，明白的）懂的。
【类】abstruse:comprehension＝indiscernible:vision”
deep, esoteric, profound, recondite. Slang : heavy.
Abstruse speculations contain vertigo. 探赜索隐，每每使他神志昏瞀；
Absurd
completely ridiculous; not logical and sensible
adj 荒谬可笑的＝ridiculous＝ludicrous
【例】Their request is absurd 他们的要求是荒谬的。an absurd opinion 谬见 Don’t be absurd! 不要胡闹!
【根】ab离开，surd聋，合理的－不合理的－荒谬的”
ADJECTIVE: So senseless as to be laughable:
foolish, harebrained, idiotic, imbecilic, insane, lunatic, mad, moronic, nonsensical, preposterous, silly, softheaded, tomfool, unearthly, zany. Informal : cockeyed, crazy, loony, loopy. Slang : balmy², dippy, dopey, jerky, sappy, wacky.
同义词: foolish impossible ludicrous ridiculous unbelievable
反义词: rational reasonable sensible
I dare say you think me eccentric, or supersensitive, or something absurd.
你当然要说我这是乖僻古怪，或者说过于敏感，或者说荒庭不经的了。
Abundance
a large quantity that is more than enough
Idioms: in abundance in large quantities: Fruit and vegetables grew in abundance on the island.
n 充裕，多量Carpets are available in abundance 可供地毯货源充足。abundance of the heart 热情洋溢；感情充沛
【记】参考abound（v 丰富），und－波浪
【类】cornucopia:abundance＝mace:authority丰饶角象征富饶＝权仗象征权力”
1. A great deal:
mass, mountain, much, plenty, profusion, wealth, world. Informal : barrel, heap, lot, pack, peck², pile. Regional : power, sight.
2. Prosperity and a sufficiency of life’s necessities:
bounteousness, bountifulness, plenitude, plenteousness, plenty.
同义词: plenty profusion
反义词: lack shortage
To the country at large he promised abundance if the Republicans won.
他对整个国家则保证：如果共和党人取胜，就会有富饶。
Abuse
the use of sth in a way that is wrong or harmful
unfair, cruel or violent treatment of sb: child abuse ◆ sexual abuse ◆ reported abuses by the secret police
rude and offensive remarks, usually made when sb is very angry
v /n （用蔑视、粗俗或侮辱性的话）辱骂，毁谤＝revile＝depreciate＝derogate；滥用（错误或不适当使用）＝misuse＝maltreat＝mistreat；手淫
【例】verbal abuse 污言秽语 to abuse a privilege 滥用特权abuse oneself 犯手淫
【记】ab离开，use用－用不好，不好用－滥用，辱骂
【参】disabuse（打消……错误念头）；abusive（adj 辱骂的）
【类】diatribe:abuse＝declamation:grandiloquence＝burlesque:mockery抨击性演讲用辱骂之词＝高谈阔论用夸张之词＝滑稽表演用嘲笑之词polemic:disputatious＝invective:abusive争论的＝好争辩的＝辱骂的＝漫骂的”
NOUN:
1. Physically harmful treatment:
ill-treatment, maltreatment, mishandling, mistreatment, misusage.
2. Wrong, often corrupt use:
misapplication, misappropriation, mishandling, misuse, perversion.
3. Harsh, often insulting language:
billingsgate, contumely, invective, obloquy, railing, revilement, reviling, scurrility, scurrilousness, vituperation.
VERB:
1. To hurt or injure by maltreatment:
ill-treat, ill-use, maltreat, mishandle, mistreat, misuse.
2. To take advantage of unfairly:
exploit, impose, presume, use.
3. To use wrongly and improperly:
misapply, misappropriate, mishandle, misuse, pervert.
4. To attack with harsh, often insulting language:
assail, rail against or (at), revile, vituperate.
Abut
to be next to sth or to have one side touching the side of sth
v （与on连用）接界，毗连＝border upon；（与on, against连用）紧靠着，紧挨着
【例】to abut on other land 与另一块地相邻His house abuts on the church 他的房子紧靠教堂。
【记】a一个，but但是。何谓连词？就是连接两个分句的词，引申为连接两个国家的边界。a一再，bet赌博。记住，这不是你的错，一定是有人教唆你，因为麻将三缺一！
【类】contiguous:abut＝simultaneous:coincide临近的是两物毗连＝同时是两事巧合”
VERB: To be contiguous or next to:
adjoin, border, bound², butt², join, meet¹, neighbor, touch, verge.
同义词: adjoin border butt butt against butt on edge march
I wish I knew more abut business English. 我真希望我多知道些商务英语。
Abysmal
extremely bad or of a very low standard
adj 极深的＝fathomless＝plumbless＝unfathomable；糟透的＝wretched
【例】The weather was abysmal 这天气真是糟透了。abysmal misery 无边的苦难
【记】该词源于abyss n 深渊，深坑。发音酷似我必死。背GRE单词是很痛苦的一件事情，一旦想不开，跳崖自尽，必死无疑！因为你不是张无忌，也不是小龙女！！
【类】stygian:dark＝abysmal:low极暗特别暗＝极深的特别深”
1. Extending far downward or inward from a surface:
deep, profound.
2. Open wide:
abyssal, cavernous, gaping, yawning.
同义词: abyssal unfathomable
abysmal misery; abysmal stupidity.
无边的苦难；十分愚昧。
Abyss
a very deep wide space or hole that seems to have no bottom
n 深渊，深坑＝chasm
【例】the abyss of despair 绝望的深渊
【记】a没有，byss＝bottom底－无底洞－深渊”
an abyss of disgrace
耻辱的深渊,莫大的耻辱
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